The measure has been in use since its development by. The gini coefficient for a mixture of lnnormal populations. The 2018 statistical update retains all the composite indices from the family of human development indicesthe hdi, the inequalityadjusted human development index ihdi, the gender development index gdi, the gender inequality index gii and the multidimensional poverty index mpi. Data and research on social and welfare issues including families and children, gender equality, gini coefficient, wellbeing, poverty reduction, human capital and inequality. Income gini ratio for households by race of householder, black alone or in combination ratio, annual, not seasonally adjusted 2002 to 2018 sep 10 gini index for kenya.
The gini coefficient measures the extent to which the distribution of income within a country deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. Calculus i introduction to the gini coefficient the gini coefficient or gini index is a commonlyused measure of inequality devised by italian economist corrado gini in 1912. All countries color coded in green have gini index scores less than 40, while those in shades of red have gini index above 40. Gini coeff is so synthetic it aggregates info from top decile shares, bottom decile shares, middle decile shares. The index is based on the gini coefficient, a statistical dispersion measurement that ranks income distribution on a scale between 0 and 1. Our selflearning artificial intelligence is already in use by millions of end customers, whether its as semanticasaservice or as a cornerstone of our gini applications. The gini coefficient is a measure of inequality of a distribution.
A lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest. Sudan compared to other countries the gini index of sudan is similar to that of guineabissau, west bank and gaza, jordan, sierra leone, algeria, australia, latvia, spain, niger, albania with a respective gini index of 35. The gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1, where 0 corresponds with perfect equality where everyone has the same income and 1 corresponds with perfect inequality where one person has all the incomeand everyone else has no income. The gini coefficient is commonly used as a measure of inequality of income, consumption, or wealth. For the packages mentioned by carlo and william, you can read the help files with the following.
The gini index permits us to compare income distributions among the countries of the world. Extended version of the gini index with different weighting schemes are also discussed. If a 0, the gini coefficient becomes 0, which means perfect equality, whereas if b 0, the gini coefficient becomes 1, which means complete inequality. The gini coefficients in ginidesc are calculated using my program ineqdeco. The average of gini index scores in this map is about 40. Summary this tool addresses the most popular inequality index, the gini index. Gini index 35 id3 and cart were invented indeppyendently of one another at around the same time both algorithms follow a similar approach for learning decision trees from training examples gdgreedy, top. For example, human rights and human security, voice and autonomy, collective capabilities and the interdependence of choices are key for the human development of those currently left out. I mean, without decomposing into within and between groups, i want to estimate only the gini with the by option.
Gini index world bank estimate world bank, development research group. Gini coefficient income and living conditions, eurostat. Gini index world bank estimate brazil world bank, development research group. We use cookies on kaggle to deliver our services, analyze web traffic, and improve your experience on the site. A coefficient of 0 expresses perfect equality where everyone has the same income, while a coefficient of 100 expresses full inequality where only one person has all the income. The gini coefficient for a mixture of lnnormal populations alwyn young london school of economics december 2011 abstract i present a formula which allows for the calculation of the gini coefficient when the overall population distribution is unknown, but there is some information on the gini coefficients or moments of population subgroups. I would recommend that you start with statas own documentation, including the help files and pdf documents. South africa is now recognised by oxfam international as the most unequal country on earth and significantly more unequal than at the end of apartheid. The result came to be called the \gini index so, formally, gini index 2area. Higher gini index for a nation means more income difference between its people. There was an attempt to apply the gini index to measure inequality in the hdi distribution hicks, 1998. A lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income. Gini guaranteed the best extraction of information from documents in realtime.
South africa is the top country by gini index in the world. We recommend that users upgrade mast package to the newest version. Mar 12, 2015 the difference between this hypothetical line and the actual line produced of peoples incomes is the gini ratio. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and world bank country departments. Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income or consumption expenditure among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. It was developed by the italian statistician and sociologist corrado gini and published in his 1912.
The gini coefficient a globally accepted measure of income inequality for south africa, as listed by the world bank as well as the central intelligence agency, is the highest in the world. A lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the. A nation where every individuals income is equal would have a gini index of 0. It is defined as a it is defined as a ratio with values between 0 and 1.
Minimum value of gini index will be 0 when all observations. A lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual. I had seen the command inequal but this doesnt have a by option. For oecd countries, in the late 20th century, considering the effect of taxes and transfer payments, the income gini coefficient ranged between 0. Mar 20, 2020 gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income or consumption expenditure among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. Incomes are more equally distributed and fewer people are poor where social spending is high. The following 43 files are in this category, out of 43 total. Gini index world bank estimate netherlands world bank, development research group. The gini index or gini coefficient is a statistical measure of distribution developed by the italian statistician corrado gini in 1912. Gini scoring, simple and efficient python script using data from liberty mutual group.
Property inspection prediction 19,102 views 5y ago. Inequality analysis food and agriculture organization. In economics, the gini coefficient, sometimes called the gini index or gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income or wealth distribution of a nations residents, and is the most commonly used measurement of inequality. Gini coefficient measures the extent to which the distribution of income within a country deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. Where can i find the gini coefficient of all us counties. A nation where one individual gets all income, while everyone else gets nothing would have a gini index of 100. Most userwritten packages for stata, such as those found with findit gini, also come with a help file that explains how they should be used. Inequality, poverty and labour unions in myanmar and nepal. In 2012, the uks gini score for income inequality was 0. Jan 17, 2012 gini coefficient distribution of income gini coefficient income and living conditions, eurostat european environment agency do something for our planet, print this page only if needed. Supported criteria are gini for the gini impurity and entropy for the information gain. Gini coefficient distribution of income gini coefficient income and living conditions, eurostat european environment agency.
Gini index income disparity since world war ii where 0 is perfect equality, and 100 is perfect inequality i. There is a positive correlation between gini index and unemployment rate, which means as the unemployment rate decreases, gini index will also decrease. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 4. The gini coefficients main advantage is that it is a measure of inequality by means of a ratio analysis, rather than a variable unrepresentative of most of the population, such as per capita income or gross domestic product.
National reporting the main source for national reporting on income distribution and poverty is the us census bureau cps asec. This is a list of countries or dependencies by income inequality metrics, including gini coefficients. In this assignment, we study income inequality in the united states using the gini coefficient. Okay, ill concede the sign function, but i thought this gini thing was nonnegative. The images i borrowed from a pdf book which i am not sure and don. The top 5 countries also includes namibia, sri lanka, china, and zambia. It seems like something that could be important since this determines the formula used to partition your dataset at each point in the dataset.